{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "collectionDate": "2026-09-18",
  "reviewType": "automated-editorial-review",
  "limitations": "Curated collection, not an exhaustive survey or a citator. Opinion text has not been independently reviewed for every record; each record states its review status. Subsequent docket treatment is not comprehensively checked. Counts are records in this collection, not independent judges, precedents or chances of recovery.",
  "cases": [
    {
      "id": "wilson-hard-eight",
      "name": "Wilson v. Hard Eight Nutrition LLC",
      "court": "D. Or.",
      "state": "OR",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2025-06-27",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "supporting",
      "citation": "804 F. Supp. 3d 1141; 6:25-cv-00144-AA, ECF 21",
      "pin": "pp. 15–16",
      "summary": "Allows a text-based DNC claim after deciding residential cell-phone coverage. The text/call distinction was not separately analyzed as a contested issue.",
      "source": {
        "id": "wilson-hard-eight",
        "url": "https://www.consumerfinancialserviceslawmonitor.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/880/2025/07/Wilson-v-Hard-Eight.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:52:52.779Z",
        "sha256": "4eaf04a26ea4b3c9005b8f656b2b1032c9d6f128ae4b73a9df8b4bff56de69b6",
        "bytes": 218118
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "wilson-skopos",
      "name": "Wilson v. Skopos Financial, LLC",
      "court": "D. Or.",
      "state": "OR",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2025-07-21",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "6:25-cv-00376-MC, ECF 20; 2025 WL 2029274",
      "pin": "pp. 6–9",
      "summary": "Rejects the argument that §227(c)(5) excludes texts; denies dismissal. Later March 24, 2026 summary-judgment order located but not inspected.",
      "source": {
        "id": "wilson-skopos",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/oregon/ordce/6%3A2025cv00376/184976/20/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:52:53.297Z",
        "sha256": "057f3988b4eb492e951f982f7cf198c9e8f8bdf15cd84e2315fe1ac8a3a62a4d",
        "bytes": 171721
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "watkins-eyebuydirect",
      "name": "Watkins v. EyeBuyDirect, Inc.",
      "court": "W.D. Tex.",
      "state": "TX",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2025-08-28",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-00538-RP; 2025 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 167479",
      "pin": "*9–15 (LEXIS)",
      "summary": "Treats texts as covered by the TCPA's do-not-call protections.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "wilson-medvidi",
      "name": "Wilson v. MEDVIDI Inc.",
      "court": "N.D. Cal.",
      "state": "CA",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2025-10-07",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "5:25-cv-03996-BLF, ECF 28; 2025 WL 2856295",
      "pin": "pp. 3–6",
      "summary": "Includes texts under §227(c), but dismisses with leave to amend sender-attribution allegations. A reviewed January 20, 2026 order denies renewed dismissal.",
      "source": {
        "id": "wilson-medvidi",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/california/candce/5%3A2025cv03996/449232/28/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:55:15.485Z",
        "sha256": "91aac50f6b17df64c6b6a5f1ae3461d52c7de8eed6295044d9529e4565ade412",
        "bytes": 245841
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "zelma-wonder",
      "name": "Zelma v. Wonder Group Inc.",
      "court": "D.N.J.",
      "state": "NJ",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2025-10-22",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2:25-cv-03232, ECF 21; 2025 WL 2976546",
      "pin": "*3 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Includes texts within §227(c).",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "mujahid-newity",
      "name": "Mujahid v. Newity, LLC",
      "court": "N.D. Ill.",
      "state": "IL",
      "circuit": "7",
      "date": "2025-11-10",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "historical",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-08012, ECF 32; 2025 WL 3140725",
      "pin": "pp. 2–5",
      "summary": "Included texts under §227(c)(5). Later Seventh Circuit Steidinger adopts the opposite interpretation; this is historical favorable reasoning, not a current alternative to circuit precedent.",
      "source": {
        "id": "mujahid-newity",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/illinois/ilndce/1:2025cv08012/482412/32/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:45:40.874Z",
        "sha256": "6323221f61691e9a98b1e139fd04e6aa62ecc752b6ccf68aa2f22b905b84abb7",
        "bytes": 228202
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "esquivel-mona",
      "name": "Esquivel v. Mona Lee, Inc.",
      "court": "S.D. Cal.",
      "state": "CA",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2025-11-24",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "3:25-cv-00607; 2025 WL 3275607",
      "pin": "2025 WL 3275607",
      "summary": "Treats texts as actionable under §227(c)(5).",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "piet-office-depot",
      "name": "Piet v. Office Depot, LLC",
      "court": "S.D. Fla.",
      "state": "FL",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2025-11-24",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2025 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 230981",
      "pin": "LEXIS 230981",
      "summary": "Includes texts under the do-not-call provisions. Subsequent appellate posture has not been independently resolved.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "glasel-office-depot",
      "name": "Glasel v. Office Depot, LLC",
      "court": "S.D. Fla.",
      "state": "FL",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2025-11-25",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2025 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 231053",
      "pin": "LEXIS 231053",
      "summary": "Includes texts under the do-not-call provisions. Later arbitration rulings are different issues.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "mcgonigle-office-depot",
      "name": "McGonigle v. Office Depot, LLC",
      "court": "S.D. Fla.",
      "state": "FL",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2025-11-25",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2025 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 231061",
      "pin": "LEXIS 231061",
      "summary": "Includes texts under the do-not-call provisions.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "dilanyan-hugo",
      "name": "Dilanyan v. Hugo Boss Fashions, Inc.",
      "court": "C.D. Cal.",
      "state": "CA",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2025-12-03",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2:25-cv-05093-JLS-BFM; 2025 WL 3549868",
      "pin": "2025 WL 3549868",
      "summary": "Allows text-based §227(c) claims. Restrictive textual reasoning quoted by other courts must not be confused with the operative result. Interlocutory-review status not independently established.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "wilson-better",
      "name": "Wilson v. Better Mortgage Corp.",
      "court": "S.D.N.Y.",
      "state": "NY",
      "circuit": "2",
      "date": "2025-12-05",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-05503-PAE, ECF 34; 811 F. Supp. 3d 631",
      "pin": "pp. 8–16",
      "summary": "Independently interprets §227(c) to include texts; denies dismissal. Relies on ordinary meaning, statutory context and privacy purpose.",
      "source": {
        "id": "wilson-better",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2025cv05503/645247/34/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:45:41.156Z",
        "sha256": "151d8048863f48e7aed4d7ef581f55d6f9b925eb6f2e9d9d3cff755a9bac0cfc",
        "bytes": 736234
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "king-bon-charge",
      "name": "King v. Bon Charge",
      "court": "D. Del.",
      "state": "DE",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2025-12-30",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "supporting",
      "citation": "2025 WL 3764039",
      "pin": "*11 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "States that a text counts as a call under §227(c). The full opinion's treatment of this issue has not been independently inspected.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "mey-liberty",
      "name": "Mey v. Liberty Home Guard, LLC",
      "court": "N.D.W. Va.",
      "state": "WV",
      "circuit": "4",
      "date": "2026-01-05",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "5:23-cv-00281; 2026 WL 486556",
      "pin": "*6–7 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Includes texts under §227(c). An appellate docket shows a limited remand in May; no appellate merits resolution is asserted here.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "wilson-mountainside",
      "name": "Wilson v. Mountainside Fitness Acquisition LLC",
      "court": "D. Ariz.",
      "state": "AZ",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2026-01-09",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2:25-cv-01481-MTL, ECF 29",
      "pin": "p. 6",
      "summary": "Treats texts as actionable under §227(c)(5).",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "duron-kings",
      "name": "Duron v. Kings Capital Holding LLC",
      "court": "W.D. Tex.",
      "state": "TX",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2026-01-13",
      "level": "recommendation",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "recommendation",
      "citation": "3:25-cv-00149-DCG, ECF 26; 2026 WL 319779",
      "pin": "pp. 10–11",
      "summary": "Magistrate recommendation includes texts under §227(c)(5) in a default-judgment analysis. Adoption not independently checked; not counted as an operative district holding.",
      "source": {
        "id": "duron-kings",
        "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-txwd-3_25-cv-00149/pdf/USCOURTS-txwd-3_25-cv-00149-0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:45:42.308Z",
        "sha256": "4bfd3b2c0c3b4f8432a4614433117e9f869e8d882ce04d0c1b27af4bf51bead5",
        "bytes": 2603823
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "alvarez-fiesta",
      "name": "Alvarez v. Fiesta Nissan, Inc.",
      "court": "S.D. Tex.",
      "state": "TX",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2026-01-26",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "7:25-cv-00343, ECF 42; 2026 WL 202930",
      "pin": "pp. 6–13",
      "summary": "Includes texts within §227(c)(5). Dismissal is denied on that issue; injunctive-relief pleading is addressed separately.",
      "source": {
        "id": "alvarez-fiesta",
        "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-txsd-7_25-cv-00343/pdf/USCOURTS-txsd-7_25-cv-00343-0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:15.515Z",
        "sha256": "b46aa3b9fab55d95bbc87c35b63d7a77583ac5a6fdc53d55f1322052c3ae9aad",
        "bytes": 444913
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "hernandez-bedford",
      "name": "Hernandez v. Bedford Dental L.L.C.",
      "court": "N.D. Ill.",
      "state": "IL",
      "circuit": "7",
      "date": "2026-02-04",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "historical",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-06628; 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23208",
      "pin": "LEXIS 23208",
      "summary": "Includes texts under §227(c). Later Seventh Circuit Steidinger adopts the opposite interpretation; historical favorable reasoning only.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "mcgonigle-shopperschoice",
      "name": "McGonigle v. ShoppersChoice.com, LLC",
      "court": "M.D. La.",
      "state": "LA",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2026-02-13",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "3:25-cv-00152, ECF 75; 2026 WL 413198",
      "pin": "pp. 4–8",
      "summary": "Includes texts under §227(c), following Alvarez's analysis; denies dismissal and a stay.",
      "source": {
        "id": "mcgonigle-shopperschoice",
        "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-lamd-3_25-cv-00152/pdf/USCOURTS-lamd-3_25-cv-00152-0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.326Z",
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        "bytes": 278212
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      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "taha-momentive",
      "name": "Taha v. Momentive Software, Inc.",
      "court": "C.D. Cal.",
      "state": "CA",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2026-03-11",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2026 WL 974297",
      "pin": "*3 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Treats texts as calls under §227(c).",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "cole-install",
      "name": "Cole v. C/T Install America, LLC",
      "court": "E.D. Pa.",
      "state": "PA",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2026-03-23",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "supporting",
      "citation": "2:25-cv-03531; 2026 WL 916582",
      "pin": "*1 n.1 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "A footnote includes texts within telephone calls under §227(c). Separate from independently inspected, contested scope holdings.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "bukowiec-anytime",
      "name": "Bukowiec v. Anytime Fitness Franchisor LLC",
      "court": "D.N.J.",
      "state": "NJ",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2026-03-27",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "supporting",
      "citation": "25-15473; 2026 WL 993895",
      "pin": "*1 n.3 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "A footnote quotes Campbell-Ewald's statement that texts qualify as calls. A quoted premise is not necessarily a contested §227(c)(5) holding.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "rabbitt-rohrman",
      "name": "Rabbitt v. Rohrman Midwest Motors, Inc.",
      "court": "N.D. Ill.",
      "state": "IL",
      "circuit": "7",
      "date": "2026-03-27",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "historical",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-11312; 2026 WL 851279",
      "pin": "2026 WL 851279",
      "summary": "Interprets §227(c)(5) to include texts. Later Seventh Circuit Steidinger adopts the opposite interpretation.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "rubin-staples",
      "name": "Rubin v. Staples, Inc.",
      "court": "D.N.J.",
      "state": "NJ",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2026-03-31",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2:25-cv-15515; 2026 WL 881651",
      "pin": "*6 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Includes texts under §227(c)(5). This classification concerns the scope issue, not the case's overall outcome.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "wilson-easyspirit",
      "name": "Wilson v. Easy Spirit, LLC",
      "court": "D. Conn.",
      "state": "CT",
      "circuit": "2",
      "date": "2026-03-31",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "3:25-cv-00112-SFR, ECF 87",
      "pin": "pp. 8–17",
      "summary": "Finds the ordinary meaning of telephone call encompasses texts under §227(c)(5); denies dismissal.",
      "source": {
        "id": "wilson-easyspirit",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/connecticut/ctdce/3:2025cv00112/163183/87/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.433Z",
        "sha256": "56f3ee67e6e2187eac965e6928ae69e79f3b8b0c537de8c43a1dbd182973bad9",
        "bytes": 276973
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "newell",
      "name": "Newell v. Children's Dental Health Associates, LLC",
      "court": "E.D. Pa.",
      "state": "PA",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2026-04-06",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2:25-cv-05238-JFM, ECF 25; 2026 WL 927378",
      "pin": "pp. 9–19",
      "summary": "Includes texts under §227(c)(5) through independent statutory analysis. Damages theory survives; injunctive relief is separately dismissed.",
      "source": {
        "id": "newell",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/pennsylvania/paedce/2:2025cv05238/643496/25/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.425Z",
        "sha256": "36f08aaec6adcbe2ba547687254d19018e98467e469f7fba7f7d99c33859208f",
        "bytes": 300556
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "wilson-cirkul",
      "name": "Wilson v. Cirkul Inc.",
      "court": "D. Or.",
      "state": "OR",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2026-04-14",
      "level": "recommendation",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "recommendation",
      "citation": "6:25-cv-02036, ECF 29; 2026 WL 1508003",
      "pin": "*5 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Includes texts. Public docket identifies findings and recommendation, followed by objections; adoption not independently checked.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "callier-united",
      "name": "Callier v. United Fundings LLC",
      "court": "W.D. Tex.",
      "state": "TX",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2026-04-15",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "status-unconfirmed",
      "citation": "3:24-cv-00363-LS-MAT; 2026 WL 1623421",
      "pin": "*8 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Includes texts under §227(c). Magistrate/district disposition and adoption require confirmation; kept outside operative-holding totals.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "dagostino-circlek",
      "name": "D’Agostino v. Circle K Stores Inc.",
      "court": "D. Ariz.",
      "state": "AZ",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2026-04-22",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2:26-cv-01225-JAT, ECF 35; 2026 WL 1098239",
      "pin": "pp. 9–11",
      "summary": "Applies Howard to text-based §227(b) and §227(c) theories. Signed April 22; reported entry date April 23. Later reconsideration order not independently inspected.",
      "source": {
        "id": "dagostino-circlek",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/arizona/azdce/2:2026cv01225/1480415/35/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.478Z",
        "sha256": "55e7060ac63a22a3c89c37b3a42c127a410d6795377a37a2d25b9642bb2a8331",
        "bytes": 390091
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "callier-american-auto",
      "name": "Callier v. American Auto Group LLC",
      "court": "W.D. Tex.",
      "state": "TX",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2026-05-29",
      "level": "recommendation",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "recommendation",
      "citation": "3:25-cv-00231-LS-MAT; 2026 WL 1741206",
      "pin": "*8 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Includes texts under §227(c). Identified as a magistrate recommendation; adoption not independently checked.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "miller-direct",
      "name": "Miller v. Direct General Insurance Agency, Inc.",
      "court": "C.D. Cal.",
      "state": "CA",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2026-06-08",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2026 WL 1708531",
      "pin": "*4 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Applies Howard to text messages under §227(c).",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "pero",
      "name": "Pero v. Brown-Daub Chevrolet of Nazareth",
      "court": "E.D. Pa.",
      "state": "PA",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2026-06-17",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2:25-cv-07016, ECF 13; 2026 WL 1747214",
      "pin": "pp. 4–10",
      "summary": "Holds texts are calls for §227(c), relying on statutory language, regulations and other decisions; denies defendant's motion to dismiss.",
      "source": {
        "id": "pero",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/pennsylvania/paedce/2:2025cv07016/647306/13/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.391Z",
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        "bytes": 189916
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      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "hopkins-homelight",
      "name": "Hopkins v. HomeLight, Inc.",
      "court": "W.D. Wash.",
      "state": "WA",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2026-07-13",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "3:26-cv-05017-BHS, ECF 23; 2026 WL 2017320",
      "pin": "pp. 4–8",
      "summary": "Applies Ninth Circuit text-message precedent to §227(c) and denies dismissal. This is a district ruling, not a Ninth Circuit §227(c)(5) opinion.",
      "source": {
        "id": "hopkins-homelight",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/washington/wawdce/3:2026cv05017/356979/23/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.421Z",
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        "bytes": 187103
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      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "ksiazkiewicz-woods",
      "name": "Ksiazkiewicz v. Woods Basement Systems, Inc.",
      "court": "E.D. Mo.",
      "state": "MO",
      "circuit": "8",
      "date": "2026-08-03",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "supporting",
      "citation": "4:25-cv-01623; 2026 WL 2224639",
      "pin": "*3 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Applies do-not-call protections to texts. The litigation also addresses ATDS pleading and consent; not presented as an independently verified contested text/call holding.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "shelton-empwr",
      "name": "Shelton v. EMPWR Solar LLC",
      "court": "E.D. Pa.",
      "state": "PA",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2026-08-04",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "supporting",
      "citation": "2:24-cv-06870-JMY, ECF 41; 2026 WL 2244025",
      "pin": "§IV, pp. 4–7",
      "summary": "States texts count as calls, but grants defendant summary judgment because plaintiff failed to produce registration evidence. Favorable statement, not a plaintiff victory.",
      "source": {
        "id": "shelton-empwr",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/pennsylvania/paedce/2:2024cv06870/631624/41/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:55:15.906Z",
        "sha256": "9bb89d41b811821587bc36682739bac089fd35e10c6425034b3db47f38ce8570",
        "bytes": 208648
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      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "callier-reovations",
      "name": "Callier v. Reovations Unlimited, LLC",
      "court": "W.D. Tex.",
      "state": "TX",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2026-08-12",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "3:25-cv-00108, ECF 16",
      "pin": "pp. 13–15",
      "summary": "Concludes that §227(c)(5) encompasses texts.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "callier-finish-line",
      "name": "Callier v. The Finish Line Inc.",
      "court": "N.D. Tex.",
      "state": "TX",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2026-08-19",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "3:25-cv-02331-BBK; 2026 WL 2654093",
      "pin": "*6 (Westlaw)",
      "summary": "Concludes that texts are calls under §227(c)(5).",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "boyd-cover-bear",
      "name": "Boyd v. The Cover Bear, LLC",
      "court": "S.D. Fla.",
      "state": "FL",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2026-09-09",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "1:26-cv-20408-DPG, paperless ECF 33",
      "pin": "ECF 33",
      "summary": "Denies a motion arguing that texts are outside §227(c)(5). September order not independently retrieved.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "franky-king-lasik",
      "name": "Franky v. King Lasik, Inc. P.S.",
      "court": "W.D. Tex.",
      "state": "TX",
      "circuit": "5",
      "date": "2026-09-11",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "1:26-cv-00632, ECF 11",
      "pin": "p. 5 n.2",
      "summary": "Declines to follow Steidinger's exclusion of texts from §227(c)(5). September order not independently retrieved.",
      "source": null,
      "opinionReview": "not-reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "steidinger",
      "name": "Steidinger v. Blackstone Medical Services, LLC",
      "court": "7th Cir.",
      "state": "IL",
      "circuit": "7",
      "date": "2026-07-14",
      "level": "appellate",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "citation": "25-2398; 182 F.4th 532",
      "pin": "pp. 2–13",
      "summary": "Holds texts are not telephone calls for §227(c)(5)'s private action; affirms dismissal. Applies within the Seventh Circuit, including Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin. Rehearing/mandate not independently checked.",
      "source": {
        "id": "steidinger",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/appellate-courts/ca7/25-2398/25-2398-2026-07-14.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:45:40.832Z",
        "sha256": "b153c1d06a25d133ef7acafc3d05075f812d331924f8404d73c6b86c2aff3287",
        "bytes": 204430
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      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "howard",
      "name": "Howard v. Republican National Committee",
      "court": "9th Cir.",
      "state": "AZ",
      "circuit": "9",
      "date": "2026-01-13",
      "level": "appellate",
      "issue": "227(b)",
      "classification": "section-b",
      "citation": "23-3826; 164 F.4th 1119",
      "pin": "pp. 9–14",
      "summary": "Treats text/video messages as calls under §227(b), but affirms dismissal on the voice theory. Does not decide a §227(c)(5) claim.",
      "source": {
        "id": "howard",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/23-3826/23-3826-2026-01-13.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:45:41.089Z",
        "sha256": "d417b3d3a3a6d639687a8e65a4f55e8ad09732c4ec6729d2fbc1700eeead4cc9",
        "bytes": 337369
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "owen-brooks",
      "name": "Owen-Brooks v. Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate, LLC",
      "court": "D.N.J.",
      "state": "NJ",
      "circuit": "3",
      "date": "2026-08-21",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "includes",
      "citation": "2:25-cv-15801, ECF 31",
      "pin": "pp. 5–8",
      "summary": "Independently interprets §227(c)(5) to encompass texts and denies dismissal. A district ruling, not binding Third Circuit precedent.",
      "source": {
        "id": "owen-brooks",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/new-jersey/njdce/2:2025cv15801/583412/31/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.422Z",
        "sha256": "113f25184076cdfae7cdff2d0c5242434637cc9887df2999516762dba3f4603c",
        "bytes": 452905
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "stockdale-skymount",
      "name": "Stockdale v. Skymount Property Group, LLC",
      "court": "N.D. Ohio",
      "state": "OH",
      "circuit": "6",
      "date": "2026-03-03",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-01282-PAG, ECF 29",
      "pin": "pp. 3–8",
      "summary": "Reads telephone call in §227(c)(5) as excluding texts and grants dismissal.",
      "source": {
        "id": "stockdale-skymount",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/ohio/ohndce/1:2025cv01282/318524/29/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.456Z",
        "sha256": "3c019c925671a66e8eadf58b5d61ef0de56d94d8ec1d7128b9d79040846ec4fd",
        "bytes": 211403
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "radvansky-flowers",
      "name": "Radvansky v. 1-800-Flowers.com, Inc.",
      "court": "N.D. Ga.",
      "state": "GA",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2026-02-17",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-02811-TWT, ECF 31",
      "pin": "pp. 8–14",
      "summary": "Excludes texts from §227(c)(5) and grants dismissal, while separately finding residential-use allegations sufficient.",
      "source": {
        "id": "radvansky-flowers",
        "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-gand-1_25-cv-02811/pdf/USCOURTS-gand-1_25-cv-02811-0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:15.004Z",
        "sha256": "511ab1e3304fee0cffbcd3c4f1d37a0dd28cea935296635041fc243c90bf1f3f",
        "bytes": 291075
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "james-smartercontact",
      "name": "James v. Smarter Contact, Inc.",
      "court": "M.D. Fla.",
      "state": "FL",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2026-03-31",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "citation": "8:25-cv-01657, ECF 52",
      "pin": "pp. 5–13",
      "summary": "Excludes texts from the §227(c)(5) private action, including the asserted DNC/identification theories, and dismisses with prejudice.",
      "source": {
        "id": "james-smartercontact",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/florida/flmdce/8:2025cv01657/443747/52/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.405Z",
        "sha256": "ad3faf9ca6cf2350833ec3d0d05b8f3b09421495501b6181f3496894197d831a",
        "bytes": 167470
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "richards-shein",
      "name": "Richards v. Shein Distribution Corporation",
      "court": "S.D. Ind.",
      "state": "IN",
      "circuit": "7",
      "date": "2026-03-26",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-01385-TWP-TAB, ECF 59",
      "pin": "pp. 3–10",
      "summary": "Excludes texts under §227(c)(5), with leave to amend. Later Seventh Circuit Steidinger is consistent on this issue.",
      "source": {
        "id": "richards-shein",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/indiana/insdce/1:2025cv01385/223014/59/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.401Z",
        "sha256": "a65bd4407bdb91e9438e4e71125ad6ff1ab6dc1953094fa97cd958005091051e",
        "bytes": 230907
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "richards-fashionnova",
      "name": "Richards v. Fashion Nova, LLC",
      "court": "S.D. Ind.",
      "state": "IN",
      "circuit": "7",
      "date": "2026-03-26",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "citation": "1:25-cv-01145-TWP-MKK, ECF 61",
      "pin": "pp. 3–10",
      "summary": "Excludes texts under §227(c)(5). Separate lawsuit from Shein, decided by the same judge on the same day; not a separate circuit precedent.",
      "source": {
        "id": "richards-fashionnova",
        "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-insd-1_25-cv-01145/pdf/USCOURTS-insd-1_25-cv-01145-0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:45:40.851Z",
        "sha256": "099146a72db8efea439495e588d4df2c2ac144aa151161ced11a6783f8cd3f66",
        "bytes": 327164
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "sayed-naturopathica",
      "name": "El Sayed v. Naturopathica Holistic Health, Inc.",
      "court": "M.D. Fla.",
      "state": "FL",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2025-10-24",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "citation": "8:25-cv-00847-SDM-CPT (PDF caption), ECF 27",
      "pin": "pp. 2–4",
      "summary": "Excludes texts under §227(c)(5); grants dismissal with leave to amend. Mirror URL differs from the docket printed in the opinion.",
      "source": {
        "id": "sayed-naturopathica",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/florida/flmdce/8:2025cv00846/440193/27/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:45:41.037Z",
        "sha256": "4333b3fe2c04b7cae71dfabda0069798b3d7f1d32068157f99f6a4b60aff1bdf",
        "bytes": 125045
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "tom-delancey",
      "name": "Tom v. Delancey Street Group LLC",
      "court": "E.D.N.Y.",
      "state": "NY",
      "circuit": "2",
      "date": "2026-08-05",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "not-decided",
      "citation": "2:26-cv-01150, ECF 53",
      "pin": "discussion of §227(c)(5)",
      "summary": "Does not decide whether texts qualify under §227(c)(5); the numerical threshold disposes of the claim. Not an exclusion holding.",
      "source": {
        "id": "tom-delancey",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/new-york/nyedce/2:2026cv01150/542527/53/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:42:43.598Z",
        "sha256": "8ec0cf558eec3b54ecf028df9dce8ad7685996f71c5fdff691421d5a50089717",
        "bytes": 296356
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "mcgonigle-puregreen",
      "name": "McGonigle v. Pure Green Franchise Corp.",
      "court": "S.D. Fla.",
      "state": "FL",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2026-01-15",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "not-decided",
      "citation": "25-61164-CIV-SINGHAL, ECF 31",
      "pin": "pp. 1–4",
      "summary": "Stays discovery and reserves a later merits decision. Not a holding that texts fall outside the statute.",
      "source": {
        "id": "mcgonigle-puregreen",
        "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/florida/flsdce/0:2025cv61164/691405/31/0.pdf",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T23:45:41.000Z",
        "sha256": "905ae8b332452459778d93eccca4860ccbe46d4c8897f41fade18ae790ad8b79",
        "bytes": 172896
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "davis-cvs",
      "name": "Davis v. CVS Pharmacy, Inc.",
      "court": "N.D. Fla.",
      "state": "FL",
      "circuit": "11",
      "date": "2025-08-26",
      "citation": "4:24-cv-00477-AW-MAF; 797 F. Supp. 3d 1270",
      "pin": "§II and disposition",
      "summary": "Excludes texts from §227(c)(5) and grants dismissal, without deciding residential-cell coverage. Public appellate docket records voluntary dismissal of appeal 25-13358 on October 14, 2025.",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "source": {
        "id": "davis-cvs",
        "url": "https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-dis-crt-n-d-flo-tal-div/117661228.html",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-18",
        "sha256": null,
        "bytes": null,
        "format": "html",
        "archiveNote": "Actual opinion text inspected through web reader; direct local archival request failed. No byte-level hash is asserted."
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "rush-selectquote",
      "name": "Rush v. SelectQuote Insurance Services, Inc.",
      "court": "W.D. Mo.",
      "state": "MO",
      "circuit": "8",
      "date": "2026-07-30",
      "citation": "6:26-cv-03157-MBB, ECF 28",
      "pin": "text/call analysis and disposition",
      "summary": "Follows Steidinger's interpretation that texts are outside §227(c)(5)'s private right of action; grants dismissal without prejudice. A district decision outside the Seventh Circuit, not an Eighth Circuit holding.",
      "level": "district",
      "issue": "227(c)(5)",
      "classification": "excludes",
      "source": {
        "id": "rush-selectquote",
        "url": "https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-dis-crt-w-d-mis-sou-div/350779.html",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-18",
        "sha256": null,
        "bytes": null,
        "format": "html",
        "archiveNote": "Actual opinion text inspected through web reader; direct local archival request failed. No byte-level hash is asserted."
      },
      "opinionReview": "reviewed"
    }
  ]
}